Resource documents
December 15, 2021
This paper is not intended to be a comprehensive blueprint on how to shape a deradicalisation programme. This would be impossible given the different legislation and infrastructures within the EU Member States. Even within Member States there is huge variety between different fields in which deradicalisation work is done (for example in a prison or youth centre setting). Participants also differ when it comes to ideology, gender and degree of radicalisation, which makes one-size-fits-all solutions impossible. Finally, the acceptance level for radical thoughts is fluent and varied within the general public, media and political debate.
December 15, 2021
This ex-post paper reflects the main points discussed during the meeting: 1. What is a programme/project/intervention? 2. What distinguishes an exit programme and intervention from other general and specific programmes and interventions? 3. How do we do exit work after release or in probation? 4. How do we evaluate success of exit programmes with extremist offenders?
December 15, 2021
This paper attempts to contribute to the discussion on the role of identity in radicalization by using social identity theory. In doing so, the article explores the formation and transformation process of social identities, and argues that the nature of communitylevel groups and networks may contribute to identity ‘readiness’ for radicalization
December 15, 2021
This report was developed by the partnership of R2PRIS Radicalisation Prevention in Prisons (2015-1-PT01-KA204-013062) project with the aim of presenting its first deliverable: the R2PRIS Methodological Framework.
December 15, 2021
The primary objective of this report is to examine the extent to which radicalisation and violent extremism is related to the practice of Islam. That said, the report does not qualify this type of extremism as the main security challenge in Macedonia due to the presence of other forms of extremism, such as nationalism. As the findings of the report will explain, religious extremism is often juxtaposed with nationalism.
December 14, 2021
Our research, therefore, attempts to first identify Islamophobia and xenophobia through theoretical discourse as the fear of the "other" − that is, the fear towards Muslims (Islamophobia) or towards the foreigners (xenophobia)
December 14, 2021
The article identifies and studies instances of the transit of foreign Islamists, their finances and arms, provides examples of local foreign fighters and their return, identifies NGOs with radical agendas and attempts at recruitment, as well as threats made to local authorities, training under the cover of a social event, the deportation of extremists, and a foiled terrorist attack. Most of these indicators are linked to Jihadi and Islamist sources of power based in Bosnia.
December 14, 2021
The major goals of the project were to identify and compare the specific characteristics and factors of those who perpetrate “general” criminal violence and those who perpetrate ideologically motivated violence.
December 14, 2021
An assessment of the factors influencing violent Islamist extremism and suggestions for counter radicalisation measures.
December 14, 2021
The paper aims to examine and provide deeper analysis of the current situation and most significant grassroot initiatives, which will be used as the basis for recommendations for improvement.
December 14, 2021
The aim of this paper is to inform the reader about the role of women in countering violent extremism and radicalization leading to terrorism (VERLT)
December 14, 2021
Setting the course from a local perspective this paper will aim at identifying different models of how nationallevel actors can support local actors in their P/CVE efforts. Based on an exploration of practical work and existing cases, this paper will provide an overview of different good practices, models and/or approaches of national hubs supporting local P/CVE actors in Europe. In doing so, the paper will give a structured compilation of the different needs, lessons learned and experiences from existing models of national support
hubs.
December 14, 2021
This paper presents an overview of these research gaps as they have been outlined in the literature, in particular in the individual research papers on the RAN focus areas; as they have been voiced by practitioners and academics during the first RAN research seminar held between 12-13 April, 2016, in Vienna, Austria; and as communicated by WG leaders and the RAN Editorial Board in their feedback to this paper. It proceeds with describing research gaps that have been noted in all focus areas, followed by gaps which are specific to certain areas.
December 14, 2021
This paper summarises and aims to disseminate existing findings, and adds to the literature by pinpointing and elaborating more in depth on specific issues and by establishing links to the broader literature on rehabilitation and reintegration
December 14, 2021
Central to this study is the argument that because terrorism is not a mass phenomenon but rather is undertaken by politically marginal actors with often narrow constituencies, the economic status of
subnational groups is a crucial potential predictor of attacks
December 14, 2021
Challenges such as corruption, organized crime, poor education and health systems, lack of rule of law and poor governance have created an environment of hopelessness for better life in the country and have increased the level of the community’s vulnerability to extremism and radicalism in the country.
December 14, 2021
This paper aims to provide some groundwork for research on the radicalisation of immigrants, by investigating why some Kosovar immigrants in Germany have joined violent extremism organisations like IS and Hayat Tahrir al Sham. In particular, the paper identifies some of the consequences of shifting social dynamics and identity formation as the ties between the diaspora community and the country of origin change over time.
December 14, 2021
This guide is an effort by the Kosovo Center for Security Studies (KCSS) to address, in cooperation with Kosovo media, the absence of a compendium of the terminology and practices, in order to properly respond to the need for more accurate and substantive surveys and reporting on the phenomenon of violent extremism in Kosovo. This guide is a product of KCCS’s research and of the longstanding experience of its researchers on recognizing and studying violent extremism and its origin in Kosovo, compiled with the support of the US Department of State and the US Embassy in Kosovo and through broad consultations with Kosovo media news desks, editors, journalists and local reporters from municipalities and the capital.
December 14, 2021
Yet, despite Government’s willingness to take ownership of the issue, with no reintegration program in place and a public largely unwilling to welcome the foreign fighters back, their return and the continued radicalization on the ground are poised to become Kosovo’s greatest national security threat to date.
December 14, 2021
This report seeks to address a gap in the existing literature pertaining to the approaches of Kosovo in supporting rehabilitation/deradicalization as well as reintegration of the returnees. By focusing on institutional and policy infrastructure, this report sheds light into the relevance of having a holistic (government + non-government +community), coherent and coordinated response to meet the needs of the returnees and effectively address the challenges for their social and economic reintegration, as well as ideological disengagement.
December 14, 2021
This policy note explores a number of reasons why the BiH educational system is failing to proactively and preventively respond, and why this is a matter for concern.
December 14, 2021
The following is a summary of proceedings setting out some of the key issues that emerged during the wide-ranging discussion, looking at some of the international practice that was shared during the meeting and concluding with some practical recommendations for future action.
December 14, 2021
This report will examine the trends of radicalization in Bosnia and Herzegovina using two hotspots as that represent the manifestations of radicalization in currant Bosnia and Herzegovin
December 14, 2021
This report examines the main radicalisation and de-radicalisation processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including main influences of certain individuals, institutions and groups who influencing these processes. It will also discuss types of radicalism that has been recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2001 and what are the main drivers of radicalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
December 14, 2021
First signs of radical and extremist views in Kosovo were identified shortly after the war in 1999. Security agencies that were monitoring such individuals saw their numbers rising in the following years. Through a slow and long-term process, inflammatory imams exploited the existing grievances of Kosovo citizens to proselytise Salafi/Wahhabi forms of radical Islam.
December 14, 2021
This report explores how the unsubstantiated “religious conveyor belt” theory has influenced our response to radicalization among American Muslims and the consequences that have ensued. Since much of the government’s response to radicalization is driven by perceptions of the risk of homegrown terrorist attacks, the report begins by demonstrating the differences of opinion between the Intelligence Community and law enforcement agencies regarding this threat.
December 14, 2021
The goal of this paper is to review and integrate the currently existing literature with practitioners’ experiences on the topic of terrorist reengagement in the European context.
December 14, 2021
While recognizing the need to develop tailored, context- and conflict-sensitive approaches to the challenge, the guide identifies a series of principles that should underpin all non-custodial R&R efforts
December 14, 2021
This guidebook is one in a series of guidebooks produced by the ATU on the challenges in developing and implementing effective programmes to prevent and counter VERLT. We anticipate that this guidebook, and our forthcoming publications, will prove to be valuable resources for policymakers and practitioners across the OSCE area who are working to foster inclusive approaches to peace and security. It provides practical guidelines and helpful background for both policymakers and practitioners who are working to advance P/CVERLT initiatives.
December 14, 2021
The Presence’s support to the prison system and probation service aligns with the position held by the OSCE, as well as with the fact that these institutions play a vital role internationally in managing Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism (VERLT) risks.
December 14, 2021
The findings suggest that a range of factors including demographic characteristics, location, employment status, income, practicing of religion, and civic and political activism are associated with a degree of sympathy for violent extremism among youth in B.i.H.
December 14, 2021
These reports will provide the operational and policy communities with a deeper understanding of the unique behavioral and neurobiological factors that underlie political extremism, specifically in the cyber realm.
December 13, 2021
Having gone this far, we can conclude by saying that every claim for a religious sanctioned terrorism is a faulty one. This is as a result of our understanding of what many mainstream religions preach. Many Islamic, Christian, Hindus etc scholars have so far presented us with the image of religion that preaches peace, justice, etc.
December 13, 2021
This report offers a wide-ranging analysis of the role prisons can play in radicalising people – and in reforming them. In doing so, it examines the policies and approaches of 15 countries, identifying trade-offs and dilemmas but also principles and best practices that can help governments and policymakers spot new ideas and avoid costly and counterproductive mistakes.
December 13, 2021
This Probation Instruction aims to ensure that those offenders who have committed offences of terrorism, included in Schedule 15, or terrorism related offences or whose offences are linked to other forms of extremism, or who are vulnerable to engagement in forms of extremism are correctly identified, assessed and managed within offender management and, where appropriate, under MAPPA.
December 13, 2021
This chapter proposes an Internet-mediated radicalisation model, RECRO.
December 13, 2021
This report consists of a literature review and analysis of the existing research concerning ‘countering violent extremism’. This multifaceted report demonstrates the complexity of understanding Violent Extremism and best strategies to Countering Violent Extremism. This has been undertaken with the broader analysis of radicalisation and social cohesion theories, models and government policies and how they may impact on or contribute to best practice and policy in countering violent extremism.
December 13, 2021
It is important to state from the outset that any overview of the European far right will necessarily talk in broad terms. This is especially important to understand when talking about the contemporary online far right. While it remains important to explore trends in traditional far right organisations such as political parties, the modern far-right is currently undergoing a broader and more fundamental shift; namely the emergence of a transnational and post-organisational threat.
December 13, 2021
Consequently, it is an immediate need for Kosovo to develop its own model based on local capacities and expertise, whlist taking into consideration specific cases and contexts. Rather, across the field there exists a conundrum of approaches to re-radicalisation that do not stem derive from a consultative and coordinated process.
December 13, 2021
Author(s) Mossie, Z. & Wang, J.-2018 Abstract Social Network Hate Speech: Detection for Amharic Language The anonymity of social networks makes it attractive for hate speech to mask their criminal activities online posing a challenge to the world and in particular Ethiopia. With this everincreasing volume of social media data, hate speech identification becomes a challenge in aggravating conflict between citizens of nations. The high rate of production, has become difficult to collect, store and […]
December 13, 2021
In this paper we review and extend measures of political mobilization: the increasing extremity of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors in support of inter-group conflict. Building on previous research, we introduce the Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales (ARIS).
December 13, 2021
This comparative synthesis report – building on four country case studies covering Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo and Macedonia – was produced in the framework of a participatory research project on “Opportunities for Preventing Violent Extremism in the Western Balkans”. Together with with four local research partners, we explore why some communities are particularly affected by individuals inspired by and/or joining the Islamic State (IS) or similar violent extremist groups, while other communities may show greater resilience to the same phenomenon. The project also includes policy outreach activities, both nationally and internationally, as well as local dialogue initiatives, in cooperation with local stakeholders and affected communities, in order to explore and develop strategies to prevent violent radicalisation in the Western Balkans in light of the research findings.
December 13, 2021
I attempt to identify the central conceptual and methodological challenges that must be overcome if the risk assessment of terrorism is to make the same progress that in recent years has distinguished the risk assessment of other forms of violence.
December 13, 2021
Political violence undertaken in the name of animal rights has been ongoing for some 35 years in the United Kingdom and yet such activity is commonly termed extremism, not terrorism. Existing counterterrorism measures have not been utilized by the state against individuals and groups engaged in such violence. This article explores the criminal justice response to the various types of political violence, which have been claimed by groups like the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), the Animal Rights Militia, the Justice Department, and the Provisional ALF. Moreover, the article argues that terrorist laws do not have to be used to effectively tackle single-issue terrorism such as animal rights extremism where activists employ tactics more commonly associated with a terrorist campaign.
December 13, 2021
RAN P&P explored the challenges in using family and social networks around (violent) extremist and terrorist (VE/T) offenders as a resource for rehabilitation.
December 13, 2021
The TRAP– 18 is further discussed as a threat assessment instrument for mental health clinicians. The limitations of the current research provide direction for further studies to assess its reliability and construct, discriminant, and predictive validity.
December 13, 2021
In this article we have studied the behaviors and mindset of a loneactor terrorist, Malik Hasan (who happened to also be a mental health professional and a psychiatrist) through the lens of TRAP-18.
December 13, 2021
In this commentary, I compare the ABC model of radicalization with the Two Pyramids model of radicalization.
December 13, 2021
In this article, we bring together suggestions about what a lone wolf profile might look like. We describe a two-pyramids model that distinguishes radicalization of opinion from radicalization of action, then use this model to review three case histories of lone wolf terrorists.
December 13, 2021
This article conceptualizes political radicalization as a dimension of increasing extremity of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors in support of intergroup conflict and violence.